Taw qhia rau lub tsheb anti - drone
Tsheb isti - Lub tshuab drone drone los tiv thaiv cov tsheb los ntawm cov drones tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Nrog rau cov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov drones, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tsav tsheb tsis pub lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tsheb uas zoo li kev nyas ntawm kev nyas siab rau lawv cov tsheb. Cov ovi {- drone tshuab siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis los kuaj, khiav, thiab tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsheb tsheb.
1. Nuoxinyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
Nuoxinyuan Technology Co., Ltd. yog tus thawj coj hauv tshav puam ntawm anti - drone tshuab. Lub tuam txhab tau cog lus los tshawb nrhiav, txhim kho, thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo {{4} {{5} {qhuav} cov khoom siv drone. Nrog ib pab neeg ntawm cov kev paub txog engineers thiab cov kws tshaj lij, nuoxinyuan tau nyob ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev tsim kho hauv cov haujlwm no.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Advanced Jamming Technology: Nuoxinyuan lub tsheb anti - drone tshuab siv ntau dua kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov drone thiab nws tus neeg teb xov tooj. Los ntawm emsting haib xov tooj cua taw qhia, nws tuaj yeem thaiv cov cim tswj hwm ntawm drones, yuam lawv rau ntawm lawv qhov pib.
- Cog Lus Tsim: Cov anti -} drone cov cuab yeej tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab yog tsim los ua kev sib xyaw thiab yooj yim rau nruab rau hauv tsheb. Qhov no kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tsis coj mus rau qhov chaw ntau dhau thiab tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv lub tsheb uas twb muaj lawm.
- Customizable daws: Nuoxinyuan nkag siab tias cov neeg siv sib txawv yuav muaj kev sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, lawv muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv customizable anti - drone daws teeb meem rau cov tsheb, cia cov neeg siv khoom siv lawv cov kev xav tau.
Qhov Zoo:
- High - Cov Khoom Zoo: Lub tuam txhab ua cov qauv tswj hwm nruj me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsim khoom. Cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tshua muaj kev ntsuas kom ntseeg tau tias lawv txoj kev ntseeg tau thiab ua tau zoo.
- Kev Txhawb Nqa: Nuoxinyuan muab kev txhawb nqa rau nws cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev teeb tsa kev taw qhia lossis tom qab {- kev muag khoom, lawv pab neeg tshaj lij yog ib txwm npaj los pab.
- Tus nqi sib tw: Txawm hais tias muab cov khoom lag luam siab - cov khoom lag luam zoo, ua kom lawv cov nqi sib tw los khaws cov kev daws teeb meem nkag mus rau ntau cov neeg siv khoom.
Lub ntsiab: https://www.nxyjammer.com/
2. Dedrone
Dedrone yog qhov zoo -}}}}} paub lub npe hauv ov {1}- kev lag luam. Lub tuam txhab tau tsim nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo- drone daws teeb meem, nrog rau cov tsheb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Multi -} sensor Nrhiav tau: Dedrone lub tsheb anti - drone tshuab siv ua ke ntawm acoustic, xov tooj cua ntau, thiab cov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Qhov ntau {-} sensor txoj hauv kev tso cai rau kom paub tseeb dua thiab txhim khu kev qha cov kev paub daws tau. Piv txwv li, Acousticectors tuaj yeem khaws lub suab tshwj xeeb kos npe ntawm drones, thaum lub xov tooj cua siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem kuaj pom kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov drone thiab nws tus neeg teb xov tooj.
- Tiag - kev soj ntsuam thiab kev ceeb toom: Lub kaw lus txuas ntxiv saib xyuas cov Airspace nyob ib puag ncig rau ib qho kev ua drone. Thaum lub drone yog kuaj pom, nws tam sim ntawd xa tiag tiag- lub sij hawm ceeb toom rau lub tsheb cov neeg nyob, tso cai rau lawv nqis tes ua kom tsim nyog.
- Kev sib xyaw nrog cov kev ruaj ntseg uas twb muaj lawm: Dedrone's anti - Kev daws drone qhuav tau yooj yim nrog lub tsheb uas twb muaj lub tswb ntsej muag thiab cov koob yees duab saib xyuas. Qhov no muab ib qho kev daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua rau lub tsheb.
Qhov Zoo:
- Kev lag luam - ua thev naus laus zis: Dedrone tau nqis peev ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho, ua rau muaj lub xeev - {{3} {}} drone thev naus laus zis. Lawv lub system paub txog lawv qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg tau.
- Thoob Ntiaj Teb: Lub tuam txhab muaj cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb, uas txhais tau tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau hom Drone Hem ntawm kev hem ib puag ncig. Lub tswv yim thoob ntiaj teb tso cai rau lawv kom lawv txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv cov khoom.
- Cov ntaub ntawv -}} tsav mus kom ze: Outrone sau thiab tshuaj xyuas ib qho nyiaj ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua drone. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm lawv cov anti- drone nta thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv tshiab thiab cov algorithms.
3. Dronese
Droneshad yog ib lub tuam txhab uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom lag luam anti - drone thev naus laus zis. Lawv cov khoom raug tsim los kuaj, khiav, thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov drones hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog rau cov tsheb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Portable thiab yooj yim siv: Droneshaield lub tsheb anti -} drone cov cuab yeej yog tsim los ua portable thiab tus neeg siv- tus phooj ywg. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa tau yooj yim hauv lub tsheb thiab hloov sai sai thaum xav tau.
- Dav {- khiav tawm kom paub: Cov kab ke muaj qhov dav dav nrhiav ntau, tso cai rau lawv kom pom cov drones los ntawm kev deb. Qhov no muab lub tsheb cov neeg muaj peev xwm ntau lub sijhawm kom muaj kev hem thawj.
- Tsis - kev xaiv kev xaiv neutralization neutorization neutorization: Ntxiv rau kev pom, dronesiad tsis muaj kev tsis - kinetic neutralization kev xaiv. Piv txwv li, lawv cov khoom siv jamming tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov drone tswj cov cim yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub drone.
Qhov Zoo:
- Cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg: Dronesield muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua pov thawj ntawm kev muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo - drone daws teeb meem. Lawv cov khoom tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov siab- Kev ruaj ntseg kev ruaj ntseg thoob ntiaj teb.
- Nruam Nraj Tshiab: Lub tuam txhab yog tas li tsim kho thiab txhim kho nws cov khoom. Lawv nyob twj ywm - -}}}}}}}}} {}- ntsuas raws li.
- Kev Tswj Fwm: Droneshaws kom ntseeg tau tias nws cov khoom ua raws li cov kev cai muaj feem xyuam. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev siv anti -}}} kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev cai lij choj.
4. Blve Surveillance Systems
Blighter soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm radar -}}- drone tshuab rau tsheb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- High - daws teeb meem radar: Npauj tsheb los tiv thaiv {{{}} drone tshuab siv siab siab {}} daws radar radar tshuab los tshawb txog cov drones. Lub radar tuaj yeem taug qab txoj haujlwm, nrawm, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm drone, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws mus rau lub tsheb.
- Huab cua -} tiv taus tsim: Cov txheej txheem tau tsim los ua huab cua - tiv taus zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam dej nag, xws li nag, thiab cua hlob.
- Ntev - muaj kev nrhiav kom tau: Nrog lub sijhawm ntev - huab cua ntev nrhiav tau, lub zog radar tuaj yeem ntes cov drones los ntawm kev deb, muab lub sijhawm ntev kom ua evasive.
Qhov Zoo:
- Kev txawj ntse tshaj lij radar: Lub zog tawg muaj cov kev txawj ntse hauv cov tshuab radar. Lawv lub tshuab radar paub txog lawv txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau.
- Customizable daws: Lub tuam txhab muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob customizable ing - drone daws teeb meem rau tsheb, tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom los txiav cov kab ke rau lawv cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
- Kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuab: Npauj Kub Kub - i}} Lub teb chaws radar tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lwm cov kev ruaj ntseg, xws li cov koob yees duab thiab lub tswb, kom muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua.
5. Lockhed Martin
Lockheed Martin yog lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb thiab lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv nrog ntau lub peev xwm, suav nrog anti {{} {}} drone thev naus laus zis rau cov tsheb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Tshaj Tawm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Lockheed Martin lub tsheb anti - drone systemicy leverage nws advent tshuab hluav taws xob ua rog hauv hluav taws xob. Qhov no tso cai rau lub kaw lus tsis tsuas yog kuaj thiab ua rau lub drone sib txuas lus thiab txhim kho cov kev sib txuas lus ntau dua.
- Network - centric mus kom ze: Lub tuam txhab siv network - centric mus kom ze rau anti - drone tiv thaiv. Lawv lub tshuab tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg network loj, sib faib cov ntaub ntawv nrog lwm cov tsheb thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
- High - Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Lockheed Martin's anti - drone tshuab siv siab npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tiag tiag- lub sij hawm. Qhov no ua rau muab cov kev txiav txim sai dua thiab muaj tseeb dua kev txiav txim siab {{}} ua.
Qhov Zoo:
- Ntiaj teb lub koob npe: Lockheed Martin yog qhov zoo -} hwm cov tuam txhab nrog lub koob npe nrov thoob ntiaj teb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. Lawv anti {-}} Cov txiaj ntsig thev naus laus zis los ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshaj lij kev tshaj lij.
- Kev daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg kev daws teeb meem: Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem muab kev ruaj ntseg kev ruaj ntseg rau cov tsheb, suav nrog anti {{} {} {{{{- intusion systems.
- Tsoomfwv thiab Kev Ua Si Tub Rog: Lockheed Martin muaj kev ua haujlwm dav dav nrog tsoomfwv thiab cov tub rog cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov kev paub no tso cai rau lawv los txhim kho siab - kev ruaj ntseg anti - kev daws teeb meem uas tau ua tiav.
6. Thales pab pawg
Thales Group yog ib lub tuam txhab multinational uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tiv thaiv, aerospace, thiab kev daws teeb meem. Lawv anti {-}}} i}}}}}}}}} dua cov tsheb yog ib feem ntawm lawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg kev ruaj ntseg portfolio.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Sib xyaw ua ke sensor fusion: Thav tsheb anti - drone tshuab siv ua ke siv cov fusion siv tshuab. Qhov no ua ke cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau cov sensors, xws li radar, electro- qhov muag pom kev, kom muab cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev hem thawj ntawm drone.
- Kev Ua Suab Xov Tooj Kho: Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem tsim kho kom muaj kev siv tshuab ua kom tsis muaj kev teb. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug drone yog kuaj pom, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem cia li qhib tes jamming lossis xa ceeb toom rau ib qho chaw tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb.
- Cov ntsiab lus daws teeb meem: THALES muab cov khoom lag luam tawm los ntawm - drone daws teeb meem rau tsheb, uas txhais tau tias lub kaw lus tuaj yeem nthuav dav lossis txhim kho raws li kev nyab xeeb hloov.
Qhov Zoo:
- Ntiaj teb no ncav: THALES muaj cov chaw nyob hauv ntiaj teb, nrog cov chaw haujlwm thiab cov neeg muas zaub hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv to taub thiab hais txog kev ruaj ntseg kev nyab xeeb uas xav tau ntawm cov cheeb tsam sib txawv.
- Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Kho Kev nqis peev: The company invests heavily in research and development, ensuring that their anti - drone technology remains at the forefront of the industry.
- Kev sib tshuam: Thales 'anti {{- Lub tshuab drone drone nrog lwm cov kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke uas twb muaj lawm.
7. RayTheon thev naus laus zis
Raytheon thev naus laus zis yog ib tus neeg ua si loj hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev lag luam aerospace. Lawv anti {-} drone daws teeb meem rau cov tsheb yog raws lawv cov thev naus laus zis siab.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Qhia cov riam phom hluav taws xob (DEW) kev xaiv: Raytheon muaj cov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv cov riam phom sib xws hauv lawv lub tsheb anti {{0} {qhuav drone tshuab. Cov riam phom no tuaj yeem tso siab emit high- lub zog Beams kom lov tes taw lossis rhuav tshem drones los ntawm kev deb.
- Advanced Hom thiab taug qab: Lub kaw lus tau tshaj tawm cov hom phiaj thiab taug qab cov peev xwm, cia nws kom raug raws txoj kev txav ntawm drones txawm nyob rau ib puag ncig muaj.
- Ua ke hais kom ua thiab tswj: Raytheon's anti - drone system muaj kev hais kom ua thiab chaw tswjhwm. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsheb lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg los tswj thiab tswj cov anti - kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Qhov Zoo:
- Cov Kev Ua Tswv Yim Technology: Raytheeon paub txog nws cov kev ua txuj ci hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ua lag luam. Lawv anti {{-}} Kev pab thev naus laus zis los ntawm lub tuam txhab txiav- ntug tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho.
- Loj - nplai ntau lawm: Lub tuam txhab muaj lub peev xwm los tsim ov -} drone tshuab ntawm cov nplai loj, ua kom tau cov khoom siv tau yooj yim.
- Kev cob qhia thiab txhawb nqa: Raythameon muab kev cob qhia kev kawm thiab txhawb nqa nws cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov no suav nrog kev cob qhia txog yuav ua li cas muaj kev khiav haujlwm ntawm anti-} drone tshuab thiab kev txhawb nqa txij nkawm.
8. SAAB GROUP
Saab pab yog Swedish Aerish Aerish thiab tuam txhab tiv thaiv uas muaj anti - drone daws teeb meem rau tsheb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Cov Khoom Tshaj Tawm thiab Sensor Technology: Saab lub tsheb anti - drone tshuab siv tshuab hluav taws xob nce thiab sensor thev naus laus zis. Lawv lub radars tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov drones me me nrog qhov tseeb siab, txawm tias ib puag ncig cluttered.
- Muag - tua thiab nyuaj -} tua cov kev xaiv: Lub tuam txhab muab ob qho tib si muag - tua (xws li jinetic cuam tshuam (xws li cov kev pab kub (xws li cov kev xaiv drones. Qhov no muab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsheb ntau dua hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau hom Drone Hem.
- Cov ntaub ntawv -} sib koom muaj peev xwm: Saab's anti - drone tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem qhia cov ntaub ntawv nrog lwm cov tsheb thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv lub network. Qhov no ua rau cov lus teb ua ke rau drone kev hem thawj.
Qhov Zoo:
- Nordic Innovation: Saab yog paub rau nws lub tswv yim nordic. Lub tuam txhab muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev txhim kho siab- Cov khoom lag luam zoo, thiab nws cov ove} i {}}} kev hloov tshiab no.
- Kev Koom Tes Thoob Ntiaj Teb: SAAB koom nrog cov neeg koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, uas tso cai rau nws nkag mus saib cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshaj plaws thiab kev paub hauv} drone teb.
- Kev ruaj khov thiab ib puag ncig cov phooj ywg tsim: Lub tuam txhab tau cog lus rau kev ruaj khov thiab ib puag ncig cov qauv tsim. Lawv anti -} lub tshuab drone yog tsim los txo lawv qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
9. Bae Systems
Bae Systems yog lub ntiaj teb kev tiv thaiv, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab tuam txhab kev ruaj ntseg. Lawv anti {-}}}}}}} Kev tsim tau los ua kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom siab ntawm ntau tus neeg siv khoom.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Multi - Tsis Muaj Kev Zam Txim: Bae convey Systems tsheb anti - drone tshuab muab ntau} {sau kev paub txog. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem kuaj cov drones tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tab sis kuj muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lwm qhov kev puas tsuaj loj hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
- Kev Siv Tshuab: Lub kaw lus siv cov thev naus laus zis yoog raws tuaj yeem kho tau nws cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem nruab nrab raws li hom drone thiab theem kev hem thawj.
- Kev txawj ntse: Cov anti - drone system yog ua ke nrog kev txawj ntse. Nws tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov qauv ntawm kev ua drone thiab muab kev pom kom pab tiv thaiv kev hem yav tom ntej.
Qhov Zoo:
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Thoob Ntiaj Teb: Bae systems muaj cov kev tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv anti {{-}}}}}}}} kev pab thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov kev paub no, ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha.
- Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Koom Tes Loj Hlob: Lub tuam txhab muaj kev sib koom tes nrog cov chaw tshawb nrhiav, uas tso cai rau nws nyob ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm anti {{0} {} {kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis.
- Customized daws rau cov kev lag luam sib txawv: Bae systems tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv customized - Kev ua lag luam drone rau cov kev xav tau kev ruaj ntseg sib txawv thiab kev cai ntawm txhua thaj av.
10. Rheinmetall Ag
Rheinmetall AG yog lub tuam txhab German uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuab tsheb. Lawv anti {- drone daws teeb meem rau cov tsheb sib txuas lawv cov kws tshaj lij hauv ob thaj teb.
Nta hauv tsheb los tiv thaiv - drone:
- Automotive -} txoj kev sib koom ua ke: Rheinmetall lub tsheb los anti -} drone tshuab yog tsim rau seamless kev sib koom nrog kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuab tsheb. Lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw rau hauv lub tsheb cov hluav taws xob thiab tswj cov tshuab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam.
- High - ceev kom pom kom tau thiab teb: Lub kaw lus muaj peev xwm ntawm siab - ceev nrhiav kom tau thiab teb. Nws tuaj yeem ntes tau cov drone sai sai rau lub tsheb thiab coj ua tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv.
- Modular tsim: Cov anti {- drone system muaj cov qauv tsim qauv, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem hloov kho tshiab los ntawm kev hem thawj tshiab.
Qhov Zoo:
- Automotive thiab Defence Synergy: Rheinmetall cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv tsheb thiab cov kws muaj txuj ci tiv thaiv nws los tsim kho cov kev daws teeb meem uas tau ua rau cov tsheb uas xav tau tshwj xeeb.
- Lus Teb Tsim Kev Tsim Kev Zoo Tshaj: Lub tuam txhab tau paub txog nws cov lus German kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv cov khoom lag luam tsim kom high- tus qauv zoo thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ua haujlwm.
- Tom qab - kev muag khoom network: Rheinmetall muaj qhov ntau tom qab {{0} Kev Pabcuam Muag Khoom Network. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg muas zaub tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhawb nqa raws sijhawm thiab saib xyuas lawv lub tsheb anti - drone tshuab.
Lub ntsiab
Lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub tsheb anti -}}}}}}} heev hloov zuj zus, thiab cov ntsiab lus saum 10 no yog qhov kev txhim kho no. Txhua lub tuam txhab coj nws tus kheej cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig rau lub rooj. Nuoxinyuan Technology Co., Ltd. muaj cov siab- zoo thiab cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov nqi sib tw. Dedrone, dronesield, thiab lwm cov tuam txhab siv cov tuam txhab kev ua kom paub ntau dua thiab neutralization thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv cov tsheb los ntawm kev hem thawj tsav tsheb. Qee cov tuam txhab, xws li Lockheed Martin thiab Thales pab pawg, muaj cov peev txheej thiab kev tshaj lij muab kev daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg. Raws li kev siv drones tseem nce, qhov kev thov rau lub tsheb ua tau zoo siv los- drone tshuab kuj tseem yuav loj hlob. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav zoo siab txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho lawv cov khoom kom tau raws li tau txais kev ruaj ntseg kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tswv tsheb thoob ntiaj teb.